Definition

          The incorporation of stubbles is the incorporation of crop residue left in the farm after the harvest. Start the incorporation during the preparation of plantation. Then, leave the land for a period of time in order to proceed soil decomposition before planting.

Type and amount of stubbles

          1. Stubbles and rice straw 26.9 million ton/year
          2. Corncob 7.8 million ton/year
          3. Stubbles and sugar-cane trash 2 million ton/year
          4. Other matter such as sorghum trash and bean trash 2.4 million ton/year

How to incorporate stubbles

          1. The incorporation of stubbles in paddy-field
              1.1 In case of growing rice solely, leave rice straw and stubbles in paddy-field in order to maintain soil surface. In the coming of rainy season, start soil preparation and incorporate stubbles and rice straw. Leave the field 20 days for stubbles decomposition. Then, add some water to the field for growing rice.
              1.2 Planting farm crops after rice harvest or crop rotation. Stubbles and rice straw could be incorporated immediately before planting farm crops. After farm crops harvest, leave stubbles in the farm until the period of growing rice. Incorporate them and leave them in the farm 15 days before growing rice.

          2. The incorporation of stubbles in farm crops and vegetable plantation.
              In the upland where various kinds of farm crops and vegatables are planted, incorporate stubbles 15 days before planting new kind of farm crops or vegatables.

          
Factors that influence stubbles decomposition

          1. Type of stubbles  Stubbles hard to be decomposed like stubbles or rice straw take 20 days for the decomposition. Corncob and bean trash take only 15 days for the decomposition.
          2. Temperature  The increase in soil temperature makes stubbles be decomposed rapidly.
          3. Moisture  Soil which consists of suitable moisture will make the decomposition getting better.

The advantage of stubbles incorporation
          1. To improve soil structure for the plant's growth. Soil is loamy, good at holding water and its density is decreased.
          2. To increase organic matter and rotate plant nutrient to soil. Organic matter would draw minerals in soil, release them in the form useful to plant and decrease the toxic of iron and manganese in soil.
          3. To increase an amount of microbes useful to soil.
          4. To decrease soil salinity.
          5. To maintain the pH in soil for the plant's growth.
          6. To increase crops yield. To incorporate stubbles frequently in the farm would increase crops yields significantly comparing with the farm where stubbles are burned.
          7. Do not make pollution and make a decrease in the accident.

          The result of burning stubbles to soil properties and the environment
          1. There is the density in soil structure and the spread of plant roots is decreased.
          2. Organic matter, minerals and water in soil are lost.     
          3. Microbes useful to the soil are destroyed.
          4. Insects and animals useful to the farm are killed.
          5. To destroy the environment, make the pollution and increase the accident.